Combating social stigma and informing the population about the disease are the main goals of World Psoriasis Day, on October 29. Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease that affects the skin of patients of all ages and, in some cases, their joints. It is caused by an imbalance in the immune system that accelerates the growth cycle of skin cells, reducing their renewal process to just a few days, which normally takes weeks.
It is this change that leads to clinical manifestations: thick, red plaques that flake, appearing on various parts of the body, such as elbows, knees, scalp, back and even nails.
Learn about the types of psoriasis
- Plaque psoriasis or vulgaris : This is the most common type of psoriasis, accounting for around 80% of cases. It is characterized by the presence of thick patches of reddish skin, covered with silvery or whitish scales, which can cause itching, pain and discomfort.
- Guttate psoriasis : This is a less common form of psoriasis, characterized by small, drop-shaped lesions, usually red or pink in color, that appear scattered across the body.
- Inverse psoriasis: This occurs in areas of the body where the skin folds or comes into contact with skin, such as the armpits and groin. It tends to cause smooth, red, shiny lesions due to the moist environment of the affected areas.
- Erythrodermic psoriasis: A rare and severe form of psoriasis that affects large areas of the body. It causes intense inflammation and widespread redness, requiring immediate treatment.
- Pustular psoriasis : This is also a rare and serious type of psoriasis that causes pustules (pus-filled blisters) to form on the skin. There are different types of pustular psoriasis, which vary according to the extent and location of the lesions.
“ Psoriasis is caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and factors that act as triggers, starting the process or even worsening the condition over time, such as stress, infections and certain medications,” says dermatologist Clarissa Prati, preceptor of Dermatology at Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS and member of the Scientific Council of Psoriasis Brasil .
The doctor also explains that approximately 30% of people with psoriasis may develop psoriatic arthritis, an inflammatory condition that affects the joints, causing pain, stiffness and swelling.
Although psoriasis is not contagious, the presence of lesions can impact quality of life, affect self-esteem, cause embarrassment and, at times, lead to social isolation. “Many patients face emotional challenges, such as anxiety and depression, due to the appearance of the lesions and the associated pain, which ends up worsening the lesions, like a vicious cycle,” says the dermatologist.
Psoriasis treatment
The biggest challenge in treating psoriasis is its chronic and unpredictable nature. The disease is an inflammatory autoimmune condition that can have flare-ups of varying intensity, and many patients face difficulties in finding an effective long-term treatment.
The disease can be treated according to its severity with topical medications, phototherapy, synthetic systemic medications and targeted therapies. “Each one acts on different substances in the immune system and their choice depends on a careful assessment of the patient’s general clinical conditions, as well as the means of accessing these high-cost options. Responses to previous treatments, patient convenience and adherence to treatment are also taken into consideration in the choice”, says Clarissa Prati.
I have psoriasis, what now?
Finding out that you have psoriasis can be challenging, but there are several things you can do to help manage your condition and improve your quality of life. First, you should see a dermatologist to confirm your diagnosis and the severity of your psoriasis. Only then will they be able to suggest the right treatments for you.
Clarissa explains that regular follow-up with a dermatologist is essential, as the severity of psoriasis can vary over time. In addition, not everyone responds to treatments in the same way.
“Work with your dermatologist to adjust the medications according to your needs and, if necessary, try different approaches until you find the one that works best for you. Don’t give up! In recent years, targeted treatments for psoriasis have completely changed the possibility of controlling lesions, delivering full and long-lasting results in many patients,” says the doctor.
Psoriasis and healthy lifestyle
The specialist also warns that psoriasis is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, i.e., heart attack and stroke. Therefore, it is important to combine psoriasis treatment with adopting a healthy lifestyle. Check out Dr. Clarissa’s recommendations:
- Control your weight
- Follow a balanced diet
- Reduce alcohol consumption
- Avoid smoking
- Practice regular physical activities
- Try managing stress with relaxation and meditation techniques
- Undergo psychotherapy and treatment for mental health issues, if necessary
Being well-informed about your condition is also essential. Research reliable sources and stay up to date with new research and treatments. There are associations and support groups specializing in psoriasis that can provide information and emotional support, such as Psoriasis Brazil . The organization’s main mission is to provide information, support, and resources for patients, families, and healthcare professionals, as well as to raise public awareness about the disease.
With information, awareness and care, everything will be fine. “There is increasing awareness about the disease, which is always essential to help demystify the condition and reduce the social stigma that many people with psoriasis face. Understanding and supporting those living with this condition promotes a more empathetic and inclusive environment,” says Dr. Clarissa.
